{"id":403,"date":"2017-08-30T07:30:56","date_gmt":"2017-08-30T07:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/?page_id=403"},"modified":"2017-08-30T09:39:35","modified_gmt":"2017-08-30T09:39:35","slug":"an-early-medieval-timeline-for-inishowen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/?page_id=403","title":{"rendered":"An Early Medieval Timeline for Inishowen"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00a0<\/span><\/pre>\n
431 \u2013 Date of Palladius\u2019s (now consecrated as bishop?) ministry to existing Christian communities in Ireland, sent by Pope Celestine I (Prosper of Aquitaine). Possible date for Patrick\u2019s abduction to Ireland by pirates in the Thomas SLP (single, \u2018late\u2019 Patrick) model.<\/span><\/p>\n
432 \u2013 Patrick: supposed date of return to and ministry in Ireland (Annals of Ulster);<\/span><\/p>\n
440+ Poss as late as 448, Germanus makes second visit to Britain to put down Pelagian heresy. Possible date of Patrick\u2019s return to Britain from Gaul\/Ireland according to Thomas SLP model. Begins training as deacon, then bishop. Leo I becomes Pope (to 461).<\/span><\/p>\n
459 \u2013 Date of Patrick\u2019s return to Ireland in the Thomas SLP model; noted in the AC as his \u2018passing\u2019, or \u2018going to the Lord.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n
470++ \u2013 Suggested (Thomas 1981) date for Patrick\u2019s letter to Coroticus, possible king of Strathclyde. Floruit of King Coroticus (either in Cardigan or Strathclyde) on same model. If so, Coroticus is raiding in Ireland at this period and selling Christian slaves to the Scotti.<\/span><\/p>\n
493 \u2013 Possible date for death of St Patrick on SLP model of Thomas, but suspect.<\/span><\/p>\n
521 \u2013 Birth of Colm Cille at Gartan, Donegal<\/span><\/p>\n
563 \u2013 Colm Cille exiled from Ulster\u2026 lands in Iona (AC).<\/span><\/p>\n
565 \u2013 Founding of monastery at Iona (ASC).<\/span><\/p>\n
570 \u2013 Earliest date range for the foundation of the monastic complex at Carrowmore (C14 dating)<\/span><\/p>\n
572 \u2013 Adomn\u00e1n\u2019s reference to two cousins of Colm Cille\u2019s, Eochaid and B\u00e1et\u00e1n (High kings of the Cen\u00e9l nEogain, dying violently as revealed in a vision<\/span><\/p>\n
575 \u2013 Conference of Druim Cett in Ulster (now Mullagh or Daisy Hill near Limavady in County Derry) between Aedan mac Gabrain and Aed mac Ainmerech (Cen\u00e9l Conaill) confirms independence of Scottic D\u00e1l Riata from Irish kingdoms and enshrines ownership of tribute and hosting responsibilities. Probably later confirmed in composition in early C7 of the Senchus Fer nAlban. Debates banning of Bards from Ireland. Probably convened by of Colm Cille..<\/span><\/p>\n
596 \u2013 Death of A\u00e9d mac Ainmirech; ?kingship of Tara assumed by Colm\u00e1n R\u00edmid (father of F\u00edn, whose son, Flann Fina, becomes king Aldfrith of Northumbria) and \u00c1ed Sl\u00e1ine<\/span><\/p>\n
597 \u2013 Traditional date of the Death of St Columba at Iona; succeeded by Baithne (but poss 593).<\/span><\/p>\n
600 \u2013 Battle of C\u00fal Slemma: victory for Colm\u00e1n R\u00edmid over Conall C\u00fa, son of A\u00e9d mac Ainmirech<\/span><\/p>\n
602 \u2013 Death of Colm\u00e1n R\u00edmid (AU); death of Conall C\u00fa (Lacey 2013, 31); succeeded as king of Cen\u00e9l Conaill by M\u00e1el Coba (to 613).<\/span><\/p>\n
606 \u2013 Probable date of death of Aedan MacGabrain aged 70+ after 34-year reign in Dalriada (607 in the AC). Succeeded by Eochaid Buide (to 629); Buide may become King of Picts at some point in his reign (AU)<\/span><\/p>\n
612 \u2013 Death of \u00c1ed Uaridnach, king of Aileach and traditional patron of St Mura\u2019s foundation at Fahan.<\/span><\/p>\n
613 \u2013Death of M\u00e1el Coba (Cen\u00e9l Conaill); succeeded by Domnall mac \u00c1edo<\/span><\/p>\n
617? \u2013 \u00c6thelfrith is ambushed and killed by R\u00e6dwald of East Anglia at Bawtry in the Battle of the River Idle. Oswald, \u00c6thelfrith\u2019s son, flees Northumbria and takes refuge in the court D\u00e1l Riata with Oswy and sister \u00c6bbe. Half-brother Eanfrith flees to Pictland.<\/span><\/p>\n
618 \u2013 Tide mill constructed at Nendrum monastery on Strangford Lough<\/span><\/p>\n
619 \u2013 Death of Fiachra, the \u2018other founder\u2019 of Derry ((AU, AFM), AT, CS, Aros etc); he was a nephew of A\u00e9d mac Ainmirech (Lacey 2013, 32)<\/span><\/p>\n
628 \u2013 Domnall mac \u00c1edo (Cen\u00e9l Conaill ) succeeds to kingship of Tara.<\/span><\/p>\n
629 \u2013 Death of Eochaid Buide, king of D\u00e1l Riata (from 608). Succeeded by son Conadd Cerr who dies the same year in Battle of Fid Eoin fighting against Ulster (or 628 in AU).; succeeded by brother Domnall Brecc to 642\/3. Saxon atheling possibly fighting in Ireland for and with Conadd Cerr (ATig, CS, AClon).<\/span><\/p>\n
– In Southern Ireland discussions begin about resolving the \u2018Paschal question\u2019 over timing of Easter and form of tonsure etc; envoys sent to Rome<\/span><\/p>\n
630 \u2013 approx (or 628) Domnall Brecc succeeds father Eochaid Buide (his grandfather was Aedan MacGabrain) as king of Scotic D\u00e1l Riata.<\/span><\/p>\n
– Synod held at Magh Lene in County Offaly to resolve Paschal question and other matters of Roman orthodoxy<\/span><\/p>\n
632 \u2013 Death Of Mohammed at Medina<\/span><\/p>\n
634 \u2013 Oswald returns from exile to claim Northumbrian kingdom, with ?brother Oswiu and a retinue including Dalriadan and Ionan warriors. He defeats and kills King Cadwallon at the Battle of Denisesburn after raising his cross at Heavenfield. Oswald probably aided and accompanied by warriors from Scottish Dalriada and monks from Iona.<\/span><\/p>\n
635 \u2013 Oswald sends for Aidan, an Irish monk\/bishop from the Scottish island of Iona, to convert Northumbria to Irish Christianity. Aidan establishes monastery on the island of Lindisfarne<\/span><\/p>\n
637 \u2013 Battle of Mag Rath in Ireland; defeat of Domnall Brech’s allies inc Congall Ceach of the D\u00e1l nAraide. D\u00e1l Riata effectively cedes rights over Ulster. Possible involvement of Bernician warbands.<\/span><\/p>\n
652 \u2013 Finn\u00e1n, possibly son of Colm\u00e1n R\u00edmid, builds church on Lindisfarne, of hewn oak thatched with reeds (HE III.25)<\/span><\/p>\n
– Death of S\u00e9g\u00e9ne, Abbot of Iona (AU, AT)<\/span><\/p>\n
657 \u2013 Cumm\u00e9ne becomes Abbot of Iona (to 669).<\/span><\/p>\n
– Earliest date for composition of Tirechan\u2019s Life of St Patrick<\/span><\/p>\n
664 \u2013 Council of Whitby (Strean\u00e6shealh). King Oswiu convenes synod to determine which church to follow: Iona or Rome. Decides in favour of Rome.<\/span><\/p>\n
– Bishop Colm\u00e1n abdicates from Lindisfarne and is replaced by Eata, but only as Abbot, not as bishop; Colman founds monasteries in County Mayo including Inishboffin.<\/span>
\n – Death of Cumm\u00e9ne, Abbot of Iona; succeeded by Failbe<\/span><\/p>\n
679-?82 \u2013 Probable date of Arculf’s pilgrimage to the Holy Land and, on his attempted return, his arrival by \u2018accident\u2019 at Iona where he is interrogated by Adomnan.<\/span><\/p>\n
685 \u2013 King Aldfrith (Flann Fina: Ecgfrith\u2019s half-brother) succeeds, probably under the influence of Cuthbert on Lindisfarne; Aldfrith may be on Iona at the time of Cuthbert’s prophecy. Ecgfrith is taken to Iona to be buried.<\/span><\/p>\n
686 \u2013 Adamnan of Iona visits Northumbria, esp Jarrow. Adomnan gives Aldfrith a copy of the de Locis Sanctis dictated to him by Arculf.<\/span><\/p>\n
697 \u2013 Synod of Birr: promulgation of the C\u00e1in Adomn\u00e1n; Muirchu, author of a Life of St Patrick, probably present<\/span><\/p>\n
700 \u2013 Fergal mac M\u00e1ele D\u00fain becomes king of Aileach<\/span><\/p>\n
704 \u2013 Death of Aldfrith at Driffield.<\/span><\/p>\n
– Death of Adomnan of Iona; succeeded by Conamail.<\/span><\/p>\n
716 \u2013 Iona capitulates and agrees to follow Roman rule. AU<\/span><\/p>\n
722 \u2013 Death of Fergal mac M\u00e1ele D\u00fain, Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain and High King of Ireland; father of Niall Frossach<\/span><\/p>\n
c.730 \u2013 Possible date for carving of Fahan cross slab under patronage of \u00c1ed All\u00e1n<\/span><\/p>\n
734 – \u00c1ed All\u00e1n becomes High King of Tara<\/span><\/p>\n
743 \u2013 Death of \u00c1ed All\u00e1n, king of Ailech and High King of Ireland, in the battle of Almain, against Murchad mac Brain of the U\u00ed D\u00fanlainge, the king of Leinster<\/span><\/p>\n
– Niall Frossach of the Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain and brother of \u00c1ed All\u00e1n, becomes king of the T\u00edr Eogain<\/span><\/p>\n
763 – Niall Frossach of the Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain becomes High King of Tara<\/span><\/p>\n
c.770 \u2013 Niall Frossach abdicates in favour of his nephew, M\u00e1el D\u00fain mac \u00c1edo All\u00e1in, an.d retires to Iona<\/span><\/p>\n
778 \u2013 Death of Niall Frossach of the Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain, High King of Tara, on Iona.<\/span><\/p>\n
788 \u2013 The \u2018burning\u2019 of Derry (AU)<\/span><\/p>\n
789 \u2013 Cen\u00e9l Conaill \u2018overthrown\u2019 in battle of Cl\u00f3itech by A\u00e9d Oirdnide, son of Niall Frossach of the Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain. The so-called \u2018Armageddon\u2019 battle. From now on it is possible that the kings of the Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain move their kingship site to Grian\u00e1n of Aileach, from Elagh Mor.<\/span><\/p>\n
798 \u2013 Viking attack on Iona<\/span><\/p>\n
802 \u2013 2nd Viking raid on Iona<\/span><\/p>\n
806 \u2013 3rd Viking raid on Iona<\/span><\/p>\n
807 \u2013 Iona community retreats to Kells for safety (poss. as late as 814).<\/span><\/p>\n
819 \u2013 Death of A\u00e9d Oirdnide; succeeded by Murchad mac Ma\u00edle.<\/span><\/p>\n
823 \u2013 Murchad fails to retain Kinghsip of Tara for the Cen\u00e9l \u00c9ogain; he is removed from the kingship by Niall son of A\u00e9d Viking attacks increase in NE Ireland.<\/span><\/p>\n
825 \u2013 Vikings sack Movilla and Downpatrick<\/span><\/p>\n
– St Blathmac murdered on Iona (AU)<\/span><\/p>\n
830 \u2013 Possible late date for the composition of the Tripartite Life of St Patrick<\/span><\/p>\n
833 \u2013 Vikings (Gallu) routed at Derry by Niall Caill, whose rule of Tara is dated to this year, and Murchad.<\/span><\/p>\n
841 \u2013 Dublin becomes the principal longphort of the Vikings in Ireland.<\/span><\/p>\n
849 \u2013 Flannac\u00e1n son of Echaid, king of D\u00e1l Araidi of the North, was killed by the Cen\u00e9l E\u00f3gain (AU)<\/span><\/p>\n
855\/6 \u2013 Gallgo\u00eddil (Foreigner Gaels) appear in the Irish annals for three consecutive years. A Great War breaks out between the heathen and Mael Sechlainn, overking of the Southern U\u00ed Neill, with his Gallgo\u00eddil allies (AU;CS) Slane and Lusk monasteries attacked, ?from base at Dublin.<\/span><\/p>\n
859 \u2013 Cerball of Osraige allies with \u00d3l\u00e1fr and \u00cdvarr to attack Meath; Royal meeting at Rathugh: Cerball submits to Mael Sechlainn and swaps allegiance.<\/span><\/p>\n
– \u00d3l\u00e1fr and \u00cdvarr ally with Northern Ui Neill king Aed Finnliath. At some point Aed gives daughter to \u00d3l\u00e1fr in marriage (FA)<\/span><\/p>\n
860 \u2013 Cerball and Mael Sechlainn lead army against Northern U\u00ed N\u00e9ill; fail to secure decisive victory.<\/span><\/p>\n
861-2 \u2013 Aed Finnliath and \u00d3l\u00e1fr lead raids against Meath.<\/span><\/p>\n
862 \u2013 Mael Sechlainn dies; Aed Finnliath of the Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain becomes High King of Tara<\/span>
\n 866 \u2013 (AU) U866.4 Aed son of Niall plundered all the strongholds of the foreigners i.e. in the territory of the North, both in Cen\u00e9l E\u00f3gain and D\u00e1l Araidi, and took away their heads, their flocks, and their herds from camp by battle (?). A victory was gained over them at Loch Febail and twelve score heads taken thereby.<\/span>
\n (AFM) M864.3 A complete muster of the North was made by Aedh Finnliath, so that he plundered the fortresses of the foreigners, wherever they were in the North, both in Cinel Eoghain and Dal Araidhe; and he carried off their cattle and accoutrements, their goods and chattles. The foreigners of the province came together at Loch Feabhail Mic Lodain. After Aedh, King of Ireland, had learned that this gathering of strangers was on the borders of his country, he was not negligent in attending to them, for he marched towards them with all his forces; and a battle was fought fiercely and spiritedly on both sides between them. The victory was gained over the foreigners, and a slaughter was made of them. Their heads were collected to one place, in presence of the king; and twelve score heads were reckoned before him, which was the number slain by him in that battle, besides the numbers of them who were wounded and carried off by him in the agonies of death, and who died of their wounds some time afterwards.<\/span>
\n 866 \u2013 \u00d3l\u00e1fr and \u00c1sl attack Fortriu, plunder Pictland and take hostages<\/span><\/p>\n
– Aed Finnliath attacks Viking camps in North-east Ireland<\/span><\/p>\n
868 \u2013 Battle at Kilineer (Co. Louth): \u00d3l\u00e1fr\u2019s son Carlus dies in battle against Aed Finnliath (several chronicles)<\/span><\/p>\n
873 \u2013 \u00cdvarr dies (CS) AU says he was \u2018king of all the Nor\u0111manni of all Ireland and Britain. Dublin interests pass to his son B\u00e1r\u0111r<\/span><\/p>\n
879 \u2013 Death of St Findan at Rheinau Abbey<\/span><\/p>\n
882 \u2013 Death of abbot of Derry, Muirchertach sone of Niall.<\/span><\/p>\n
888 \u2013 Viking army defeats Flann Sinna, King of Tara.<\/span><\/p>\n
c. 895-900 \u2013 Poem Ard na sc\u00e9la tells the story of Duibhlinn, daughter of \u00c9ichnech\u00e1n of the S\u00edl Lugdach, who id married to a Viking chief, Cathais, who has a stronghold on Doagh island and who is in conflict with Cathal\u00e1n mac M\u00e1el Fabhaill of Carrickbraghey. (Lacey 2012)<\/span><\/p>\n
902 \u2013 The expulsion of the Norse kings from Dublin leads to fallout across the irish Sea province. Partial narrative survives in Three Fragmentary Annals.<\/span><\/p>\n
904 \u2013 Northmen slain at Strath Erenn (or 906 acc Carver)<\/span><\/p>\n
– Attack on Elagh Mor (Aileach) by Vikings (AFM; AU; CS), coinciding with an internecine war among Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain \u2013 the sons of Aed Finnliath<\/span><\/p>\n
905 – (Preparation was made for a battle between the two sons of Aed, i.e. Domnall and Niall, and it was prevented through the entreaty of the Cen\u00e9l E\u00f3gain (AU)<\/span><\/p>\n
908 – An expedition by the Cen\u00e9l E\u00f3gain, i.e. by Domnall son of Aed and by Niall son of Aed, and Tlachtga was burned by them. Death of Diarmait, ‘princeps’ of Derry<\/span><\/p>\n
917 \u2013 Battle of Mag Feimin. Niall Gl\u00fandub mac \u00c1edo fights Ragnall ua \u00cdmair, whose Norse forces win. Death in battle of Gartnel, the ‘taoisech of Cairrge Brachaidhe’. Snow and extreme ice and cold in Ireland. Sigtryggr recovers Dublin for the Norse. (AU)<\/span><\/p>\n
919 \u2013 Niall Gl\u00fandub mac \u00c1edo, King of the Cen\u00e9l nE\u00f3gain and of Tara, assembles coalition against Dublin Vikings: defeated and killed at Dublin (AU) in disastrous battle, with many senior fatalities among northern and Southern Ui Neill<\/span><\/p>\n
– Rapid expansion of Viking settlement at Dublin<\/span>
\n 921 \u2013 (AU) U921.7 A fleet of the foreigners came into Loch Febail, i.e. Acolb with thirty-two ships. Cennrig was quickly(?) and completely abandoned by them, except for a few who remained behind in it through sloth. Fergal son of Domnall, king of the North, was in hostilities with them, and killed the crew of one of their ships and wrecked the ship and took its booty. Another naval force was at Cenn Magair on the coast of T\u00edr Conaill, i.e. under the son of Uathmar\u00e1n son of Barid, with twenty ships.<\/span>
\n 926 \u2013 Dublin fleet sails for Strangford Lough under H\u00e1lfdan, son of Gu\u0111r\u00f8\u0111r, establishes camp; sacks Dunseverick. Establishes camp in Dundalk Bay.<\/span><\/p>\n
– H\u00e1lfdan killed by Muirchertach, son of Niall, king of N. \u00dai N\u00e9ill and Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain<\/span><\/p>\n
938 \u2013 Kings of Tara and army of Muirchertach mac N\u00e9ill (of Aileach) besiege Dublin<\/span><\/p>\n
939 \u2013 \u00d3l\u00e1fr Gu\u0111r\u00f8\u0111sson re- invades and takes York; Succeeded in Dublin by \u00d3l\u00e1fr Sigtrygsson (Cuar\u00e1n). Possible shoe-based hybrid Irish\/Norse inauguration ceremony<\/span><\/p>\n
– Aileach taken by storm by Dublin fleet; Muirchertach taken hostage; ransomed ? by church<\/span><\/p>\n
941 \u2013 Death of \u00d3l\u00e1fr Gu\u0111r\u00f8\u0111sson; succeeded by Cuar\u00e1n in York<\/span><\/p>\n
– Muirchertach attcks Hebrides (under control of dynasty of \u00cdvarr)<\/span><\/p>\n
943 \u2013 Dublin Vikings ally with king of Cen\u00e9l Conaill: Muirchertach son of Niall dies, killed by the king of Dublin at Ardee; Vikings attack Armagh, burial site of the kings of Cen\u00e9l n\u00c9ogain<\/span><\/p>\n
– Notice of a Viking camp on Lough Foyle, sheltering a fleet (AFM; CS)<\/span><\/p>\n
990 \u2013 Derry plundered by ‘the Danes’ (AU)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0 431 \u2013 Date of Palladius\u2019s (now consecrated as bishop?) ministry to existing Christian communities in Ireland, sent by Pope Celestine I (Prosper of Aquitaine). Possible date for Patrick\u2019s abduction to Ireland by pirates in the Thomas SLP (single, \u2018late\u2019 Patrick) model. 432 \u2013 Patrick: supposed date of return to and ministry in Ireland (Annals […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":115,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-403","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=403"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/403\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":418,"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/403\/revisions\/418"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bernicianstudies.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}